N-Tipping Point
Definition 1
A tipping in a dynamical system in which a transition of the state occurs under the influence of noise is called noise induced tipping, or simply N-tipping.
Explanation
The illustration above depicts an N-tipping in which a stochastic perturbation delivers a shock strong enough to escape the attractor, causing the system to move abruptly to a different state2. Because noise is taken into account, its modeling mainly relies on stochastic differential equations, and it also has the feature that the analysis becomes considerably tricky even when the system itself is not complex. Fundamentally, it can occur in any case once the influence of the diffusion term becomes strong, so it is a tipping that can occur regardless of the mathematical form of the differential equation itself.
Ditlevsen, P., Ditlevsen, S. Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Nat Commun 14, 4254 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w ↩︎
Heßler, M. (2018). Leading indicators in b-and r-tipping systems with focus on eigenvalue estimation (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. thesis, Institute for theoretical physics). https://www.uni-muenster.de/imperia/md/content/physik_tp/theses/thiele/2018_ma_martinhessler.pdf ↩︎